The mysql.time_zone* tables are MyISAM. This causes issues for Galera/Xtrabackup replication. Really, the problem seems to be that the session variables are not properly accessible for the replicated statements. The fix:
$ mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo |sed -e 's@^SET SESSION wsrep_replicate_myisam=ON;@@g;' |mysql mysql
$ mysqldump --single-transaction --quick mysql time_zone time_zone_name time_zone_leap_second time_zone_transition time_zone_transition_type >> time_zone_inout.sql
time_zone_inout.sql
file that you just created, to include the following at the top (as the first SQL statement in the file) - NOTE: this requires that your version of galera has session support for the wsrep_replicate_myisam
parameter: -- enable myiasm replication for the session -- SET wsrep_replicate_myisam = ON;
mysql mysql < time_zone_inout.sql